tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79299256589963242232024-03-09T18:47:20.775-08:00OTTC: A Blog for Old Testament Textual CriticismThis blog is intended to be an outlet for research and questions on the textual criticism of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible and related issues.Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.comBlogger408125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-54800157374730803542024-03-07T06:17:00.000-08:002024-03-07T06:17:37.526-08:00Perceptions of Writing in Papyri Recordings Online<p>The <a href="https://d-scribes.philhist.unibas.ch/en/events-1/papyri-conference/conference-videos/" target="_blank">video recordings</a> of presentations from the <a href="https://d-scribes.philhist.unibas.ch/en/events-1/papyri-conference/" target="_blank">Perceptions of Writing in Papyri</a> conference are now available online. This is a great overview of current work on how digital tools have impacted the study of ancient manuscripts.</p><div style="text-align: left;">HT<span style="font-family: inherit;"> <span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello</span></span></div>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-11361845775484522912024-02-05T11:20:00.000-08:002024-02-05T11:20:54.365-08:00Kantor on the Pronunciation of the Name Jesus<p>Ben Kantor has a useful <a href="https://biblicalhebrew.com/how-did-jesus-pronounce-his-own-name/">article/video</a> on the pronunciation of the name Jesus/Yeshua in Greek and Hebrew/Aramaic sources in the time of Jesus. This is a helpful resource for those confused by the pseudo-scientific discussions of Jesus's name that are abundant on the internet.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-56848394898551440062024-01-17T22:52:00.000-08:002024-01-17T23:15:46.847-08:00Isaiah 9:6 and the Antiquity of the Masoretic Tradition<p>Today I was reading Isaiah 9:6 (Eng. v. 7) with some colleagues and came across a textual variant I had never noticed before.</p><p></p><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin-right: 27pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="he"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;"><span style="font-size: 10.56px;">5</span> וַיִּקְרָ֨א שְׁמ֜וֹ פֶּ֠לֶא </span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin-right: 27pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="he"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;">יוֹעֵץ֙ אֵ֣ל גִּבּ֔וֹר אֲבִיעַ֖ד שַׂר־</span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin-right: 27pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="he"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;">שָׁלֽוֹם׃</span></span><span lang="he" style="text-indent: -27pt;"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -27pt;"> </span><span lang="he"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;"> </span></span><span lang="en-us" style="text-indent: -27pt;"><span style="font-size: 10.56px;">6</span></span><span style="text-indent: -27pt;"> </span><span lang="he" style="text-indent: -27pt;"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;">לַם רַבָּה הַמִּשְׂרָ֜ה </span></span></div><div dir="rtl" style="direction: rtl; line-height: normal; margin-right: 27pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -27pt;"><span lang="he" style="text-indent: -27pt;"><span dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; font-size: 21.280001px;">וּלְשָׁל֣וֹם אֵֽין־קֵ֗ץ </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;">and he is named Wonderful </div><div style="text-align: left;">Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of </div><div style="text-align: left;">Peace. <sup>7</sup><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>His authority shall grow continually, <br />and there shall be endless peace (NRSV)</div><div><br /></div><div>In the Aleppo and Leningrad codices, the second letter of v. 6 is a final <i>mem </i>yielding לם רבה, whereas a Qere note in the margin (marked with קׄ) says to read למרבה as one word with a non-final <i>mem</i>.</div><p>
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHYvd-NnI1gUOU95bVt8D0lGplDNy81wg65cfM5d6HrBsEHnp632UZoduZ_RH1QPSjAfzvBf38edp3XJsCewrLp-J9IpPvPJpVrrlSq2okvixKFwQlpmmDabnY28Z39d9eYc86toSqb7mhLZ8-fLNP3OhwTYoVUhyphenhyphenzkJ3aBBVBc0Uny1GkuPq2vDX-kBeD/s1746/L%20Isa%209:6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="1746" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHYvd-NnI1gUOU95bVt8D0lGplDNy81wg65cfM5d6HrBsEHnp632UZoduZ_RH1QPSjAfzvBf38edp3XJsCewrLp-J9IpPvPJpVrrlSq2okvixKFwQlpmmDabnY28Z39d9eYc86toSqb7mhLZ8-fLNP3OhwTYoVUhyphenhyphenzkJ3aBBVBc0Uny1GkuPq2vDX-kBeD/w400-h138/L%20Isa%209:6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Detail of Leningrad Codex. Photographer: Bruce E. Zuckerman.</span></p><p>My first instinct was to explain this away as a scribal error in the Aleppo codex I was reading from. This kind of confusion is common in the Dead Sea Scrolls, but I noted that it most commonly occurs on the archaic ־מו prefix (meaning "them") rather than in the middle of a word. A little more digging showed that the Leningrad codex has the same exact peculiarity, so this is certainly no accidental innovation in these manuscripts. </p><p>In 1QIsa-a, the scribe does not use a distinct form of final <i>mem</i>, but does leave a space between למ and רבה. It is worth noting that the scribe does not always write a distinct final form, as is evident in the second detail below from just a few lines above our verse. Thus, it appears that our scribe here likely read למ רבה as two words rather than one.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvRsHkDoHbJ_jBZUQM8Q85FHvnKOqI8TK9ezic5r9gGlvv9Djki07ttJwasBWOZOyJXq-pAU5lXhzPCzb2okRpH0EWun_6czQlfGSz5MoDsrzXn2HSBxoQn1Yp9JvMorcQA-17XN_Ge9MZzfh1RaenHR5_iCcUis1ML5Ba9-T4J7fhS1zYsTxzZansiv5y/s1132/1QIs%209-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="1132" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvRsHkDoHbJ_jBZUQM8Q85FHvnKOqI8TK9ezic5r9gGlvv9Djki07ttJwasBWOZOyJXq-pAU5lXhzPCzb2okRpH0EWun_6czQlfGSz5MoDsrzXn2HSBxoQn1Yp9JvMorcQA-17XN_Ge9MZzfh1RaenHR5_iCcUis1ML5Ba9-T4J7fhS1zYsTxzZansiv5y/w400-h269/1QIs%209-6.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9WRSQrjg3gAT47dUJZJX53eHAmUd3t5LBI0ychyFKh4vn9QGECEtXaLqpvjWw_7-_UHEk09dIObn1CCLC3MIeJukCtnjTOMPQja-qJBATSfLuiO6T1IdUAQfqUdKrL9FG1SMlzHQfSf4bm03CJcQIvo5uDpTQZeV3HIp44BDhSPsNCNQ-ybWVInwjGbdL/s1346/1Q%20Is%209.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="260" data-original-width="1346" height="78" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9WRSQrjg3gAT47dUJZJX53eHAmUd3t5LBI0ychyFKh4vn9QGECEtXaLqpvjWw_7-_UHEk09dIObn1CCLC3MIeJukCtnjTOMPQja-qJBATSfLuiO6T1IdUAQfqUdKrL9FG1SMlzHQfSf4bm03CJcQIvo5uDpTQZeV3HIp44BDhSPsNCNQ-ybWVInwjGbdL/w400-h78/1Q%20Is%209.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Details of <a href="http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah" target="_blank">1QIsa-a</a>.</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> <span face="Arial, Verdana, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">© The Israel Museum</span>.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Looking at the Septuagint, Ziegler reconstructs the Greek text as:</div><p></p><p style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">καὶ καλεῖται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος·</p><p style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">ἐγὼ γὰρ ἄξω εἰρήνην ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας, </p><p style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">εἰρήνην καὶ ὑγίειαν αὐτῷ (some mss αυτων). </p><p style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>(</sup></span><span style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>6) 7 </sup></span>μεγάλη ἡ ἀρχὴ αὐτοῦ, </p><p style="font-family: Times; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅριον</p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; text-indent: -18px;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica; text-indent: -18px;">and he is named Messenger of Great Counsel, </span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="text-indent: -18px;">for I will bring peace upon the rulers,</span><span style="text-indent: -18px;"> </span></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="text-indent: -18px;">peace and health to him (some mss them).</span><span style="text-indent: -18px;"> </span></span></p><div>
<p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 54px; text-indent: -54px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><sup>7(6) </sup><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>His sovereignty is great, </span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0px 54px; text-indent: -54px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="text-indent: -18px;">and his peace has no boundary</span><span style="text-indent: -18px;"> (NETS)</span></span></p></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">For our verse, the Greek translator--who often translates rather freely--is clearly struggling to make sense of a difficult text, reading something like:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">אבי(א) עד שר(ים) שלום (שלום ובורי/בריאות?) למ(ו) רבה המשרה</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">T<span style="font-family: inherit;">he extra "<span style="text-indent: -18px;">peace and health to him</span><span style="text-indent: -18px;">" may have been added by the translator for some reason, or it could have been a Hebrew reading known to him or at least supposed by him. Note the similarity between a conjenctured retroversion like שלום שלום ובורי and שלום למו רבה. If so, the translation could perhaps reflect a double translation of the Hebrew representing two possible readings of the difficult Hebrew text before him. Either way, the translation </span></span>αὐτῷ<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span>μεγάλη seems to imply a source text that read לם רבה as two separate words.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thus, the final <i>mem</i> in the medieval Masoretic codices is no accident, but an accurate record of a textual variant that can be traced back to the 2nd century BCE in 1QIsa-a and the LXX! The inherited reading tradition preferred to read למרבה as one word (cf. the similar noun form in Isa 33:23), a tradition which can be traced at least as far back as the 2nd century CE (see Theodotion's translation τω πληθυνειν την παιδειαν; so also το εβρʹ λεμαρβη αμμισρα<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> according to Chrysostum</span>). But for over 1000 years, some (not all) Jewish scribes faithfully copied the alternative text with two words לם רבה inherited from their exemplars. This variant then gives us a remarkable window into the deep roots of the (sometimes multiple and conflicting) readings embedded in the traditional Masoretic text in one of the most famous passages in all of the Hebrew Bible.</span></div><p></p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-13070573409020759642023-12-15T21:02:00.000-08:002023-12-15T21:02:27.580-08:00Studies on Book Bindings<p>De Gruyter has published a new edited volume on manuscript bindings in comparative perspective.</p><p>Bausi, Alessandro and Friedrich, Michael, eds. <i>Tied and Bound: A Comparative View on Manuscript Binding</i>, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111292069">https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111292069</a></p><p>Abstract:</p><p><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(59, 61, 63); color: #3b3d3f; font-family: Merriweather, "Times New Roman", Georgia, Garamond, serif; font-size: 16px;">The present volume contains twelve chapters authored by specialists of Asian, African and European manuscript cultures reflecting on the cohesion of written artefacts, particularly manuscripts. Assuming that ‘codicological units’ exist in every manuscript culture and that they are usually composed of discrete elements (such as clay tablets, papyrus sheets, bamboo slips, parchment bifolios, palm leaves), the issue of the cohesion of the constituents is a general one. The volume presents a series of case studies on devices and strategies adopted to achieve this cohesion by manuscript cultures distant in space (from China to West Africa) and time (from the third millennium bce to the present). This comparative view provides the frame for the understanding of a phenomenon that appears to be of essential importance for the study of the structure of written artefacts. Regardless of the way in which cohesion is realised, all strategies and devices that allow the constituents to be kept together are subsumed under the term ‘binding’. Thus, it is possible to highlight similarities, convergences, and unique physical and technical methods adopted by various manuscript cultures to face a common challenge.</span></p><p></p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-13355630033711039932023-11-06T11:41:00.002-08:002023-11-06T11:41:18.839-08:00Scriptura Job Openings for Exegetes on the Psalms<p><span style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://www.scriptura.world" target="_blank">Scriptura</a> is looking to hire several new exegetes to produce exegetical materials on the Psalms for Bible translators. If you have strong Hebrew language and exegetical skills and are interested in studying the Psalms for a living, Scriptura provides a great opportunity for full-time, remote work that will utilize your skills in the context of the ground-breaking <a href="https://www.scriptura.world/psalms">Psalms: Layer-by-Layer</a> project with an amazing team and collaborative research environment.</span></p><div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(5, 5, 5); color: #050505; font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, ".SFNSText-Regular", sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">For a full job <span style="font-family: inherit;"><a style="color: #385898; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" tabindex="-1"></a></span>description and to apply online, see <a href="https://www.scriptura.world/jobs/visual-exegete" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-79244532391979403062023-11-01T09:28:00.005-07:002023-11-01T09:28:44.962-07:00Virtual Unrolling of Herculaneum Papyri<p> See an interesting, short <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6hHiaFDKFY">documentary</a> on the virtual unrolling of the Herculaneum papyri.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-49156016480356242872023-09-22T22:03:00.001-07:002023-09-22T22:03:05.264-07:00Postdoc on Ben Sira and AI<p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Frédérique Rey has <a href="https://academicpositions.com/ad/lorraine-universite-d-excellence-lue/2023/post-doctoral-fellowship-project-bento-ben-sira-transformation-overtime-using-arti-cial-intelligence-to-understand-the-transmission-of-the-wisdom-of-ben-sira/206021" target="_blank">posted</a> an advertisement for a postdoc doing interesting work on the textual history of Ben Sira:</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br /></span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Description</span></span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Before the appearance of the printing press, the only way of reproducing and spreading a text in written form was manual copying. During this process, accidents, errors and intentional modifications occurred, progressively modifying the text of each witness. The revised text, whether modified deliberately or accidentally, then served as a template for other copyists and the changes would thereby be propagated. For the philologist interested in the reconstruction of text history and the texts genealogical relations (similar to a genealogical tree, called stemma codicum), it has been imperative to study these different variants and suggest methods for the objective construction of such trees (called stemmatology methods).<br style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" />Retrieving the genealogical lineage of the Hebrew manuscripts of the Ben Sira (book of Ecclesiasticus or Sirach) has been one of the major focus of the laboratoire Écritures at the University of Lorraine. In this project, we suggest to improve the manual work performed in the critical edition of the Hebrew manuscripts of Ben Sira by applying the latest advances in applied mathematics and natural language processing to reconstruct the stemmas of the Ben Sira’s Hebrew manuscripts. This initial work will then be extended to other textual traditions. This project takes place as a partnership between the center of researchs Écriture, LORIA and IECL.<br style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" />In this context, we are looking for a two years fellow for a post-doctoral position, to fulfill the objective of building the genealogical lineage of the Hebrew manuscripts of Ben Sira through computational stemmatology algorithms.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Fellow’s responsibilities</span><br style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" />Over the course of the project, the fellow will be asked to lead and innovate to complete the following objectives:</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Analysis, classification and typology of Hebrew manuscripts variant</span>s The postdoc’s task will be to collate, analyze and classify by typology all the variants of the Ben Sira manuscript and several Dead Sea scrolls selected for the project (1QIsa, 1QS, etc.). They will also be responsible for training automatic variant analysis models between manuscripts.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Modelization of scribal behavior </span>In collaboration with mathematicians, the postdoc will have to provide field expertise and insights into scribal behavior according to previous observations, leading to statistical models.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Comparison of automatic stemmata to manual stemmata</span> In collaboration with computer scientists and NLP specialists, the postdoc will analyze the automatically generated stemma and compare them to the existing "manual" stemmata, and in particular to the stemmata of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Cairo Genizah manuscripts.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Draw original conclusions regarding the Ben Sira’s manuscripts geneaology</span> Given the finally selected stemma, the candidate will draw original conclusions regarding the Ben Sira textual tradition and discuss their results to draw new conclusions regarding manuscripts transmission.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Required skills</span><br style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" /><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Hebrew skills</span></span></p><ul style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; list-style: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The candidate must have a PhD in Religious Sciences, Jewish Studies, Theology or Ancient Hebrew Linguistic.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">An experience in linguistic analysis of ancient Hebrew large corpora.</span></li></ul><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Textual criticism</span></span></p><ul style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; list-style: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">An excellent knowledge and expertise in textual criticism, philology and biblical studies.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A knowledge of stemmatology methods and the current state of the art.</span></li></ul><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Technical skills</span></span></p><ul style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; list-style: outside; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em 1em; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Basic knowledge of JSON and XML TEI encoding as well as collation tools.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Basic knowledge of SQL and NoSQL database management would be a plus (e.g. mongodb, MariaDB).</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Being familiar with the Python ecosystem for data manipulation and analysis (pandas, sklearn, tensorflow, Keras), would be a plus.</span></li></ul><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The candidate is expected to have a good level in English. Knowledge of French would be a plus.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Terms and tenure</span><br style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" />This two-year position will be based at the centre of research Ecritures (EA3943), Ile du Saulcy, 5700 Metz. The duration can not exceed 24 months.</span></p><p style="border-color: rgb(229, 231, 235); border-style: solid; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(10, 26, 33); color: #0a1a21; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The target start date for the position is 1st November 2023, with some flexibility on the exact start date.</span></p></div>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-92105202186111156192023-08-24T23:28:00.001-07:002023-08-24T23:28:08.394-07:00IWCP 2023, San JoseThanks to Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello, I was able to attend the <a href="https://www.csmc.uni-hamburg.de/iwcp2023/programme.html" target="_blank">IWCP workshop on computational paleography</a> at the ICDAR 2023 conference in San Jose, CA today. It was great to finally meet in person many with whom I had only interacted online in the past and to hear about the exciting work that is being done in the area of digital paleography.<div><br /></div><div>Dominique Stutzmann started out with a keynote overview of the state of the art where he suggested that many of the basic problems in the field are essentially already solved (e.g., writer identification, style classification, dating), after which he pointed towards more difficult challenges that remain (e.g., degraded and/or small corpora, other difficulties in providing reliable labelled data). Momina Moetesum discussed a project on computerized restoration of broken ink strokes in Greek papyri, where they trained a network to be able to reconstruct Greek letters that had been artificially degraded. Vasiliki Kougia gave an update on a project using dated Greek literary hands to automatically classify (and date) Greek manuscripts. And Isabelle Marthot-Santaniello and Marie Beurton-Aimar presented their work on stylistic clustering based on clips of individual characters.</div><div><br /></div><div>After the break, Julius Tabin discussed a project to capture and annotate Hieratic characters from facsimiles of Egyptian texts in a way that can be used to illuminate style development. Anguelos Nicolaou described an approach to quickly (manually) label regions on medieval charters to identify features for further analysis. In this presentation, he made the interesting observation that the more detail and discussion needed for a classification/label, the more likely that labelers will have difficulty providing consistent and clear labelling, so we should be careful of too much precision in labels. Of course, it is precisely the difficult, transitional, and contested areas that are generally of most interest to humanities scholars, as Dominique Stutzmann pointed out in the discussion. And Sojung Lucia Kim talked about a project using deep learning to classify Korean records in Chinese characters.</div><div><br /></div><div>In the final discussion, two questions dominated. First, the question of whether manuscript dating is a problem of classification into discrete categories (e.g., date ranges by century) or regression (i.e., placing on a continuous timeline. The general consensus was that it depends upon the nature of the labelled data and what it allows. I pointed out that radiocarbon dating has much potential to change the nature of the data and allows for more regression models in corpora for which this hasn't in the past been possible, but this is still only a dream for many corpora. </div><div><br /></div><div>The second questions was whether it is better to create "end-to-end" products that move directly from input to the final desired result or "modular" products that break the process into various (intermediate) steps, each with their own data records. The modular approach actually (perhaps counterintuitively) decreases accuracy, but allows for the explication of various stages in the analysis that may be useful for humanities scholars. All in all, it was a great day of meeting and learning, and I'm very grateful to have been able to attend.</div><div><div class="outer klappbox" style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(78, 78, 78); clear: both; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: TheSansUHH, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"></div></div>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-39694364592397863672023-07-31T07:02:00.005-07:002023-07-31T07:02:39.698-07:00Person, Scribal Memory and Word Selection: Text Criticism of the Hebrew Bible<p>SBL has announced the recent publication of a new book by Raymond Person that looks like a fascinating work. Person's work on orality and transmission has been an important contribution to the field and has compelled many to take more seriously the oral aspects of the ancient world into account in text-critical work, so I look forward to reading this.</p><p>Raymond Person. <span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><i><a href="https://cart.sbl-site.org/books/067015P" target="_blank">Scribal Memory and Word Selection: Text Criticism of the Hebrew Bible.</a> </i>(SBL, 2023).</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">From the website:</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">A new paradigm for understanding textual variants of the Hebrew Bible</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;">What were ancient scribes doing when they copied a manuscript of a literary work? This question is especially problematic when we realize that ancient scribes preserved different versions of the same literary texts. In <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Scribal Memory and Word Selection: Text Criticism of the Hebrew Bible</em>, Raymond F. Person Jr. draws from studies of how words are selected in everyday conversation to illustrate that the same word-selection mechanisms were at work in scribal memory. Using examples from manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, Person provides new ways of understanding the cognitive-linguistic mechanisms at work during the composition/transmission of texts. Person reveals that, while our modern perspective may consider textual variants to be different literary texts, from the perspective of the ancient scribes and their audiences, these variants could still be understood as the same literary text.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Raymond F. Person Jr.</span> is Professor of Religion and Director of Interdisciplinary Studies at Ohio Northern University. He is the author of <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">From Conversation to Oral Tradition: A Simplest Systematics for Oral Traditions</em> (2016) and coeditor of <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Empirical Models Challenging Biblical Criticism</em> (2016).</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-86507490690820272492023-06-08T16:03:00.003-07:002023-06-08T16:03:13.593-07:00TiberianHebrew.com<p>I just found a new blog dealing with the reconstruction of the Tiberian reading tradition of the Hebrew Bible called <a href="http://TiberianHebrew.com" target="_blank">TiberianHebrew.com</a>. In addition to some resources and discussions on the pronunciation tradition, they have several audio recordings in this reconstructed tradition.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-64408523245527834522023-06-04T21:39:00.003-07:002023-06-04T21:39:30.381-07:00New Witnesses to Origen's Text of the Psalms<p>Felix Albrecht on the Göttingen Psalter Project's <a href="https://septuaginta.uni-goettingen.de/blog/the-origenic-recension-of-the-greek-psalter" target="_blank">blog</a> announces new identifications of catena manuscripts that attest to Origen's Septuagint text according to the Hexapla. Note well that this is the text (perhaps only lightly edited?) that Origen used for the LXX column in his Hexapla of the Psalms (Felix calls it the Origenic recension), <i>not</i> a heavily edited recension or thoroughgoing edition of the Psalms (which Felix calls a Hexaplaric recension). This new data is critical, since this Origenic text is not well preserved in the tradition but is often very close to the Old Greek. The new grouping suggested is: <em style="box-sizing: border-box; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">O</em><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;"> = </span><a href="https://septuaginta.uni-goettingen.de/catalogue/Ra_1098" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #17a2b8; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">1098</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">(ο′)-</span><a href="https://septuaginta.uni-goettingen.de/catalogue/Ra_1121" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #17a2b8; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">1121</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">-</span><a href="https://septuaginta.uni-goettingen.de/catalogue/Ra_1209" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #17a2b8; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">1209</a><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); color: #212529; font-family: LatoWeb; font-size: 17.333334px; text-align: justify;">-Ga.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #212529; font-family: LatoWeb;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(33, 37, 41); font-size: 17.333334px;">HT Ryan Sikes</span></span></p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-63043333256758441722023-06-02T19:49:00.004-07:002023-06-02T19:49:34.273-07:00Manufacturing Egyptian Scribal Palettes<p>Chip Hardy just showed me a fascinating lecture by James Terry for ARCE on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihctjSqQ1EI" target="_blank">how to make replicas of Egyptian scribal palettes</a>. These kinds of palettes also seem to have been used by Israelite/Judahite scribes up until the Hellenistic period, when they changed to using split-nibbed reed pens with ink wells. For more info, see my article <a href="https://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.8898" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-60182334788187610512023-05-04T21:26:00.005-07:002023-05-04T21:26:49.698-07:00Lead Ruling on Herculaneum Papyri<p>A recent <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33242-8" target="_blank">Nature article</a> has observed lead ruling on several Herculaneum papyri, including three different patterns:</p><p>1. top, bottom, and left column borders;</p><p>2. top, bottom, and both left and right column borders;</p><p>3. top, bottom, left, and right column borders AND horizontal line ruling on each line.</p><p>This has long been suspected based on literary references, but here we have it demonstrated in ancient papyri. Scribes apparently had lead discs and rulers that they used to rule the lines in preparation of the layout. Interestingly, these lines are intentionally laid out to produce columns slightly slanting to the right, an aesthetic phenomenon commonly known as Maas's law.</p><p>We have a similar situation in some of the Dead Sea Scrolls, where the lines are ruled with a light gray substance sometimes thought by editors to be "diluted ink." See, e.g., 11Q17:</p><p><a href="https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/image/B-365349">https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/image/B-365349</a></p><p>For someone with the time, interest, and technology, it would be interesting to check this and other scrolls noted in Tov's 2004 <i>Scribal Practices</i> book (section 4a) to see whether they are actually also ruled in lead.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-39775436168372905442023-05-03T21:24:00.004-07:002023-05-03T21:24:59.481-07:00The Original Language of the New Testament<p>While most scholars agree that the New Testament was originally written in Greek (even if sometimes using Hebrew or Aramaic sources), some writers have suggested that parts or even all of the NT were originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic. This seems to be a topic that comes up regularly in popular discussions, so I teamed up with Logos to write an article summarizing the key evidence and explaining the mainstream position for lay audiences. See the new article: <a href="https://www.logos.com/grow/min-was-the-new-testament-written-in-hebrew-aramaic-or-greek/?fbclid=IwAR0vYhGdXGdLFuUoqfp3EPEguX_NRWpMgj4i4RsiaUxLqEg9Puqb0vkWsrk" target="_blank">Was the New Testament Written in Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek?</a></p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-45211185765076949632023-04-25T11:34:00.003-07:002023-04-25T11:34:45.647-07:00Ancient Inscriptions from Israel / Palestine<p>The <a href="https://search.inscriptionsisraelpalestine.org/mapsearch/" target="_blank">Ancient Inscriptions from Israel / Palestine</a> allows you to search for inscriptions from the land of Israel/Palestine from the Persian period to the Islamic conquest. The catalogue is quite extensive and useful, though for many they do not have images and text available.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-78391799121660777352023-04-21T21:22:00.001-07:002023-04-21T21:22:11.269-07:00The Textual History of the Bible from the Dead Sea Scrolls to the Biblical Manuscripts of the Vienna Papyrus Collection<p>A new book from Brill has many articles of text-critical interest: <a href="https://brill.com/edcollbook/title/61447" target="_blank">The Textual History of the Bible from the Dead Sea Scrolls to the Biblical Manuscripts of the Vienna Papyrus Collection</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Brill, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 844px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000011.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 1 Introduction: A Survey of the Textual History of the Jewish Scriptures</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Armin+Lange" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Armin Lange</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">1–21</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-non-content text-title c-Link-emphasize color-text my-3 py-4 border-bottom-dark" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Brill, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 32px; padding-top: 32px; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny toggle expandCollapseIcon c-IconButton--keyboardArrowUp" role="button" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;" tabindex="0"></span><div class="flex-1 flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="typography" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="typography-body text-title " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><div class="label" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="s-pr-4" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></div>Part 1 <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Text of the Jewish Scriptures during the Second Temple Period</em><div class="s-pr-4 color-text-light text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="ml-4" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000012.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 2 Isaiah and the Twelve in Quotations and Allusions in Some Second Temple Period Writings: Textual History and Textual Reception</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Russell+E.+Fuller" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Russell E. Fuller</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">23–42</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000013.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 3 Jeremiah in the Dead Sea Scrolls: The Textual History of Jeremiah in Light of the Qumran Library</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Armin+Lange" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Armin Lange</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">43–154</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000014.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 4 The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Old Latin Text</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Pablo+A.+Torijano+Morales" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Pablo A. Torijano Morales</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">155–182</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000015.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 5 The Contribution of Text Criticism to Literary Analysis, Redaction History, and the Study of Ancient Israelite Religion: The Case of Genesis 9:6</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=David+Frankel" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">David Frankel</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">183–218</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000016.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 6 The Quasi-Priestly Additions in <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;">MT</span> 1 Kings 6–8 in Light of “Rewritten Bible” Compositions from Qumran</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Guy+Darshan" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Guy Darshan</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">219–240</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000017.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 7 Midrashic Elements in Biblical Texts</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Alexander+Rof%C3%A9" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Alexander Rofé</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">241–252</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000018.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 8 Demonic Deuteronomy? The Ending of Deuteronomy and the Sectarian Debate</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Jonathan+Ben-Dov" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Jonathan Ben-Dov</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">253–284</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></li><li class="type-non-content text-title c-Link-emphasize color-text my-3 py-4 border-bottom-dark" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Brill, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 32px; padding-top: 32px; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny toggle expandCollapseIcon c-IconButton--keyboardArrowUp" role="button" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;" tabindex="0"></span><div class="flex-1 flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="typography" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="typography-body text-title " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><div class="label" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="s-pr-4" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></div>Part 2 <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Text of the Jewish Scriptures from the Jewish Wars to the Early Masoretic Codices</em><div class="s-pr-4 color-text-light text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="ml-4" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000019.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 9 Greek Jewish Biblical Papyri: A Reconsideration</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Authors:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Noah+Hacham" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Noah Hacham</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"> and </span><div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Armin+Lange" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Armin Lange</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">285–301</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000020.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 10 P.Vindob. G 39777 (Symmachus) and the Use of Divine Names in Greek Scripture Texts</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Emanuel+Tov" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Emanuel Tov</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">302–315</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000021.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 11 A Byzantine Armband with Psalm 91(90):1 and the Rabbinic Shema in Greek: Text, Date, Provenance, and Function</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Nancy+Benovitz" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Nancy Benovitz</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">316–343</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000022.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 12 The Strange Journey of a Demonstrative Pronoun from the Judean Desert to the Babylonian Talmud: <styled-content lang="he-Hebr" style="box-sizing: inherit; direction: rtl; font-family: SBLHebrew !important; font-size: 16.92px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">דיכי</styled-content></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Shamma+Friedman" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Shamma Friedman</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">344–362</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000023.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 13 The Karaites and the Hebrew Bible</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Geoffrey+Khan" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Geoffrey Khan</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">363–395</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></li><li class="type-non-content text-title c-Link-emphasize color-text my-3 py-4 border-bottom-dark" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Brill, Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 16px; margin-top: 16px; padding-bottom: 32px; padding-top: 32px; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny toggle expandCollapseIcon c-IconButton--keyboardArrowUp" role="button" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;" tabindex="0"></span><div class="flex-1 flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="typography" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="typography-body text-title " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><div class="label" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="s-pr-4" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></div>Part 3 <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Biblical Manuscripts in the Vienna Papyrus Collection</em><div class="s-pr-4 color-text-light text-body1" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="ml-4" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 32px; padding: 0px;"><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000024.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Hebrew Manuscripts from the Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library Discussed in This Section</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">397–400</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000025.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 14 The Papyrus Collection of the Austrian National Library and Its Jewish Manuscripts</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Bernhard+Palme" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Bernhard Palme</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">401–410</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000026.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 15 Masoretic Summaries of the Weekly Portions in P.Vindob. H 133 from the Rainer Collection in Vienna</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Yosef+Ofer" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Yosef Ofer</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">411–455</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000027.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 16 The Vienna Biblical Fragments (Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers) in Light of the Karaite Tradition, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and Jewish Halakhah, with a Detailed Study of the Unit Divisions by Josef Oesch</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Ursula+Schattner-Rieser" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Ursula Schattner-Rieser</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">456–511</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000028.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 17 P.Vindob. H 12: A Page from a Haftarah Book in the Vienna Papyrus Collection</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Leeor+Gottlieb" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Leeor Gottlieb</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">512–525</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000029.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 18 Manuscripts of the Former and the Latter Prophets in the Vienna Papyrus Collection</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Viktor+Golinets" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Viktor Golinets</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">526–567</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000030.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 19 <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Ketubim</em> Fragments in the Austrian National Library: P.Vindob. H 11, H 14, H 104, H 119, H 156, H 191</a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=Josef+M.+Oesch" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Josef M. Oesch</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">568–593</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li><li class="type-chapter leaf" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 0px; position: relative;"><div class="header-container leftIndented flex flex-nowrap flex-align-start leaf" style="-webkit-box-align: start; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><span class="c-IconButton c-IconButton--tiny c-IconButton--blank" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54); cursor: default; display: inline-flex; font-size: 20px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: visible; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: background-color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1), color 200ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1); vertical-align: middle;"></span><div class="flex-1 leaf flex flex-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px;"><div class="configurable-layout w-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 812px;"><div class="layout one-region-layout type-list-entry" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column-group columns-1 has-main flex flex-col flex@md-row" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; box-sizing: inherit; column-count: 1; display: flex !important; flex-direction: row !important;"><div class="column main flex@md-order-1 flex-1" data-columnname="main" style="-webkit-box-flex: 1; -webkit-box-ordinal-group: 1; box-sizing: inherit; flex: 1 1 0%; min-width: 0px; order: 1;"><div class="column-contents " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-nowrap pb-3 pl@sm-2" style="-webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-bottom: 16px; padding-left: 8px;"><div class="display-flex flex-row flex-align-start flex-nowrap pt-1" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: row !important; flex-wrap: nowrap; padding-top: 4px;"><div class="accessIcon ico-access ico-access-restricted t-icon-access-restricted c-Icon c-Icon--before c-Icon--lock color-access-restricted " style="align-items: center; box-sizing: inherit; color: #f44336; cursor: default; display: inline-flex; flex-wrap: wrap; font-size: 1.125rem; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;" title="Restricted Access"><span class="" style="box-sizing: inherit; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); height: 1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em !important; position: absolute; right: -7.8em; width: 1px;"></span></div><div class="display-flex flex-col flex-align-start flex-nowrap" style="-webkit-box-align: start; -webkit-box-direction: normal !important; -webkit-box-orient: vertical !important; align-items: flex-start; box-sizing: inherit; display: flex; flex-direction: column !important; flex-wrap: nowrap;"><div class="" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="component component-content-item component-content-title " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h6 class="typography-body title mb-3 text-headline " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px;"><a class="c-Button--link" href="https://brill.com/edcollchap/book/9789004511705/BP000031.xml" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Chapter 20 Masoretic Lists and Biblical Scribal Exercises in the Vienna Papyrus Collection: Evidence of Learning and Study of the Biblical Text in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries <span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal;">CE</span></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-contributors " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-contributor-author " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="contributor-line text-subheading" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"><span class="creator-type-label" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Author:</span> <div class="contributor-details" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block;"><a href="https://brill.com/search?f_0=author&q_0=%C3%89lodie+Attia" style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #007f92; margin: 0px; min-height: auto; min-width: auto; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-transform: unset;">Élodie Attia</a><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 13.5px; line-height: 0; position: relative; top: -0.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></div><span class="contributor-separator" style="box-sizing: inherit;"></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="component component-content-item component-content-metadata " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box box no-border no-padding no-header vertical-margin-bottom null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="content-box-body null" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="definition-list list-count-1 " style="box-sizing: inherit;"><div class="column" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><dl class="pagerange c-List__items" style="box-sizing: inherit; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 4px; padding: 0px; position: relative;"><dt class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--primary text-metadata-label" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">Pages: </dt><dd class="pagerange inline c-List__item c-List__item--secondary text-metadata-value" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: subpixel-antialiased; box-sizing: inherit; display: inline; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.5rem; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 4px; padding-top: 8px; position: relative;">594–615</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></li></ul></li>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-84548550825340178092023-04-07T21:44:00.003-07:002023-04-07T21:44:45.311-07:00RIP Jim Aitken<p>This Good Friday is doubly bittersweet. I learned that Jim Aitken has passed away after a major heart attack. Jim was an outstanding scholar of the Septuagint and many other things who was always very generous with his time and energies with colleagues and students. I had the opportunity to have many interactions with him at conferences and online, as well as reading through Greek documentary papyri with him and others during Covid. He will be sorely missed.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-4677978594487664632023-04-04T13:12:00.006-07:002023-04-04T13:12:31.936-07:00Kantor on Greek OrthographyBenjamin Kantor has a very interesting <a href="https://textandcanon.org/the-most-objective-textual-critic-youll-ever-meet/" target="_blank">article</a> on using epigraphic and papyrological evidence for reconstructing spelling in the New Testament. He argues that this evidence allows the reconstruction of several spelling practices that more accurately reflect the time period of the New Testament authors than what are preserved in modern critical editions.Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-17389856643804663752023-03-30T13:43:00.001-07:002023-03-30T13:43:28.383-07:00Verse Order in Hebrew Acrostics<p>I just reread a fascinating <a href="https://www.thetorah.com/article/pe-before-ayin-in-biblical-pre-exilic-acrostics" target="_blank">article on varying alphabetical orders</a> and the (re-)arrangement of verses accordingly in alphabetic acrostics like Lamentations and the Psalms. A very interesting read, if you're not familiar with the issue.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-85931567586764935042023-03-28T20:59:00.005-07:002023-03-28T20:59:50.945-07:00Christian Palestinian Aramaic Fragment of Joshua<p><span style="font-family: inherit;">In this <a href="https://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/taylor-schechter-genizah-research-unit/fragment-month/fotm-2023/fragment-1" target="_blank">Fragment of the Month</a>, Christa Müller-Kessler discusses a Christian Palestinian Aramaic fragment of the book of Joshua on a palimpsest from the Cairo Genizah. The Christian Palestinian Aramaic is a very interesting </span>version, <span style="font-family: inherit;">but not well attested or widely known, so any fragment that has survived is important.</span></p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-21691885556830916342023-03-16T19:12:00.002-07:002023-03-16T19:12:29.040-07:00Competition for Deciphering Herculaneum Rolls<p>Brent Seales and his team have <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/15/contest-decipher-herculaneum-scrolls-3d-x-ray-software" target="_blank">announced</a> a new <a href="https://scrollprize.org" target="_blank">competition</a> to see who can read rolled up and carbonized Herculaneum scrolls. Unlike the En Gedi Leviticus scroll that had metallic ink, up to now it has proven very difficult to read these Herculaneum scrolls that used a carbon-based ink. So this would truly be an important development in the field.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-43774794268454217692023-03-06T12:32:00.004-08:002023-03-06T12:32:22.932-08:00Saqqara Book of the Dead<p>Owen Jarus republishes <a href="https://www.livescience.com/see-photos-of-stunningly-preserved-52-foot-long-book-of-the-dead-papyrus-from-ancient-egypt" target="_blank">images</a> of the new 16 meter-long Book of the Dead <a href="https://www.livescience.com/ancient-egypt-book-of-the-dead-papyrus-found" target="_blank">recently discovered</a> intact in Saqqara.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-9269720877284510672023-03-04T22:03:00.004-08:002023-03-04T22:03:48.281-08:00Mirotadze on Greek Esther<p><span style="color: #2e2e2e; font-size: 20px;">Natia Mirotadze has published a brief and helpful discussion of the various <a href="https://www.thetorah.com/article/an-old-georgian-translation-of-esther-incorporates-three-greek-versions" target="_blank">Greek versions of Esther and the Old Georgian evidence</a>. At risk of a shameless plug, for those who are interested in further details on the tradition of Esther and the Old Georgian texts, see several articles in the volume <a href="https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/book/10.13109/9783666522093" target="_blank">From Scribal Error to Rewriting</a> that we co-edited together with Anneli Aejmelaeus.</span></p><div class="name-art-box" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;"><a class="w-inline-block" href="https://www.thetorah.com/article/an-old-georgian-translation-of-esther-incorporates-three-greek-versions#" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2e2e2e; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; text-decoration: none;"><div class="name-art-box" print="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; margin-right: 10px;"></div></a></div>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-80595626402263397112023-03-02T23:05:00.002-08:002023-03-02T23:05:06.226-08:00Brent Nongbri's List of Radiocarbon Dated Manuscripts<p>Brent Nongbri has compiled a useful <a href="https://brentnongbri.com/2023/02/22/radiocarbon-analysis-of-papyrus-and-parchment-manuscripts-a-list/" target="_blank">list of papyrus and parchment manuscripts that have been radiocarbon dated</a>.</p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7929925658996324223.post-55180194789731206452023-03-02T00:22:00.005-08:002023-03-02T00:22:53.179-08:00Authoritative NT Citations of the OT?<p>In Christian circles, the question often comes up whether NT authors' citations of OT passages are authoritative for textual decisions regarding to the OT passages. To this, the answer must simply be "No!" Such authoritative pronouncements were far from the minds of the original authors, and so we should by no means appropriate them in this way. Furthermore, the NT authors frequently cite different forms of the OT, so they cannot be said to give a unified voice in favor of a single original. They rather used a variety of texts that were available to them at that time generally without making text-critical judgments of the sort we are used to making today.</p><div style="text-align: left;">In my reading today, I came across a good example of this in the parallel texts Ps 6:9, Matt 7:23, and Luke 13:27. <span style="font-family: inherit;">Both gospels disagree with each other and what seems to be the OG of the Psalm. Both gospel writers seem to have a mix of OG and revision towards the MT, but in different places. Matthew omits "all" against MT, LXX, and Luke, and he uses a different Greek word for "depart" that could perhaps be a revision towards the Hebrew (?--I'd have to look into this more). Luke keeps the OG except the final phrase, where he reflects a revision towards a more literal rendering of the Hebrew. So here we have just one example where it makes no sense to look to NT usage for authoritative textual judgments in favor of a single inspired original. The </span>authors had access to an array of texts, translations, and revisions, and they used them creatively for their own purposes. But they have no claim to making authoritative pronouncements about the precise original text of the Hebrew or Greek Bibles.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ps 6:9</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: #46260d; font-family: Helvetica; text-align: right;"> ס֣וּרוּ מִ֭מֶּנִּי כָּל־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן</span></div><div><p style="color: #46260d; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">ἀπόστητε ἀπ’ ἐμοῦ, πάντες οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν,</p></div><p>Matt 7:23</p><p style="color: #46260d; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>ἀποχωρεῖτε ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν.</i></p><p>Luke 13:27</p><p style="color: #46260d; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><i>ἀπόστητε ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ πάντες ἐργάται ἀδικίας.</i></p>Drew Longacrehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17654439701997039055noreply@blogger.com0